The cause of terrorism today and for a long time is religion, than government oppression, and then idiots. It also examines the contents of the two enactments that constitute the legal framework for the prevention of terrorism in nigeria. Terrorism, perception, root causes, objectives, boko haram, nigeria. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa oxford. History and root causes of terrorism in africa introduction the aim of this paper is fourfold. Terrorism has been an intense threat in nigeria that causes has fathomed been researched to be from a lot of existing challenges of which the two basic challenges are political and religious war. Haram, its causes, recruitment, ideology, area of operation and the ways through which the problem can be solved. The opinions expressed in individual papers are based on the discussions of the working groups at the international summit on democracy, terrorism and. Pdf a historical overview of domestic terrorism in. In nigeria today, there is a striking difference between the poor and the. Causes, dynamics, and consequences of internal displacement in ethiopia april 2017 5 executive summary 1 forced migration and internal displacement in and into nigeria in the last 50 years of independence has been triggered by violent conflict.
Department of economics, kogi state university, anyiba, kogi state, nigeria. Terrorism remains one of the gravest threats to a nations growth and development, but it does not spring up on its own. Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa start. Although whenever theres a problem theres always the cause but the case becomes a bigger problem when the cause is not just one or two but an accumulation of national problems. Why the nigerian counterterrorism policy toward boko. The act of terrorism and general insecurity situations in nigeria require that solution be.
Types of terrorism in nigeria and causes information. Historical evoulution of boko haram the history and development of boko haram insurgents group in north eastern nigeria can be divided into two phase. Corruption causes the leakages of power, undermines security and weakens leadership at all levels of human administration. As demonstrated in the literature, although extensive research has been carried out on boko haram, the fact remain that emphasis is accorded the causes hence this study which specifically address why stringent law yet terrorism in nigeria is on the increase and appears undeterred. There are causes and factors that impacted negatively on nigerian national development which include economic, political. Abstract this work studied both the variables that led to the emergence of terrorism in nigeria and some strategies to be used in combating it. Terrorism has been linked to the theory of deprivation, but the extent to which terrorism is. Social and political injustice some people turn to. An appraisal of the socioeconomic determinants of boko haram terrorism in nigeria by james ojochenemi david dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts ma in politics, philosophy and economics at. Causes and effects of terrorism in nigeria research cyber. The psychology of terrorism from the ira to alqaeda.
Second, it describes how history is crucial to any explanation. Terrorism as a manifestation of conflict could be a historically persistent phenomena with roots in the past. The third section focuses on causes of terrorism and insurgency. This paper provides a brief analytical account of the growth, development and metamorphosis of the different terrorutilising groups in nigeria, as well as show how the nigerian state has interfaced with its citizens in a complex web of violence. The paper further explains the concepts of terrorism and insecurity with. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria. Research has shown that there are a number of possible causes for terrorist activity. In this article, we investigate public opinion about the root causes of terrorism. Kidnapping and terrorism in nigeria was unknown in the early years of nigeria s independence in 1960. This chapter examines the causes and consequences of terrorism in africa, and considers the extent to which existing evidence rationalizes the various explanations for it, and its implications for counterterrorism policy in africa. Our founders and supporters are united by a common interest in fostering a. Above all, we anticipate and believe that nigeria will scale and pull through the age of terrorism someday. The battle against terrorism is a long drawn, but not impossible one. Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency.
History of kidnapping and terrorism in nigeria causes. There has been an increasing trend of terrorism in nigeria. Reconceptualising the role of law in countering terrorism. The only solution is to convert to their religion, or get killed. Addressing the causes as part of the solution chapter 12 vol 1 2014 ahrlj. There is a wide array of factors on the macro, meso, and microlevels of analysis. First, it explains briefly why it is difficult to find a universally acceptable definition of terrorism. Apart from the bad reputation it gives the nation, it is also a major hindrance to the development of the country and has led to the death of thousands of nigerian citizens. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state. There exist divergent views as regard the history of terrorism in nigeria, while some believed that it dated back to 1952 when there were severe killings in kano powered by misconstrued and misdirected politicians eboh, 2010, some argued that terrorism in nigeria started with the niger delta militants tunde, 2007. Other causes of displacement include natural disasters and environmental degradation, inter. Nelson mandela nigeria is africas most populous country with an estimated population of about 150 million and a land mass of 923,768 square kilometers which is more than twice the. In the fifth section, the paper take a cursory look at the counter terrorism.
Pdf abstract terrorism is presently a major challenge in nigeria. Nigeria by exacerbating existing ethnoreligious tensions and intercommunal. African countries have experienced relatively high levels of terrorism. Boko haram kidnapped 110 schoolgirls from the government technical girls college in dapchi, yobe, on 19 february 2018.
Causes and consequences of terrorism in africa oxford handbooks. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. This paper examines the interface between globalization and terrorism in nigeria. Terrorism can take multiple forms and have many causes, often more than one.
Loosely defined, terrorism is the use of violence to further a political or ideological goal at the expense of the general population. Since 2009, nigeria has gradually slipped into a terrorist enclave where terror acts have. The fourth aspect of the paper looks at the antecedent of boko haram as a terrorist group in nigeria. It adopted phenomenography as a research methodology in its approach to discussing its subject matter. This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. The genesis of the crisis of terrorism in nigeria by orikinlam. In nigeria, terrorism is traceable to religious fanaticism particularly in islam dominated states of nigeria. Nigerians and nonnigerians are being killed on daily bases in their numbers find, read. Our founders and supporters are united by a common interest in fostering a strong british, european, and.
Abstract terrorism is the premeditated use or threat to use violence by individuals or subnational groups against non. What are the causes of and solutions for terrorism. With clearly devised strategies, terrorism can finally be brought to an end in nigeria. Unfortunately, all the types of terrorism can be seen in nigeria. Boko haram is a terrorist organization which caused the loss of lives and properties in northern nigeria, while others considered it as insurgent group financed by foreign nationals to spoil the image of islam and muslims. Some attribute the rise in terrorist acts to poor economic conditions, in line with the theory of deprivation and poverty. It became rampant in the late 90s and further culminating in todays epidemic proportion. They killed off all the hausa rulers and chiefs and islamized them. The number one terrorists in nigeria are the fulanis. Terrorist organizations and some radical criminals create a very unsafe situation. History of terrorism factsheet causes of terrorism ready scotland. A multistakeholder imperative by david imhonopi department of sociology covenant university, nigeria ugochukwu moses urim department of business management covenant university, nigeria abstract since 2009, nigeria has gradually slipped into a terrorist enclave where terror. It is a sign that formal authority is ineffectual and that. Causes and solutions june 18, 2014 emile nakhleh 2 comments a boko haram bomb attack in nigeria s capital.
Causes and remedy money wont create success, the freedom to make it will. Effects of terrorism on the international business in nigeria international. Culmination of economic disenfranchisement, social. The first known insurgency or terrorism attempt in nigeria may be credited to the movement. Causes of poverty in nigeria history, effects, and solutions poverty in nigeria is not something that started today, yesterday or days ago. Terrorist organizations must have goals that are not enforceable in the ordinary polit ical. Nigeria is ranked third on the list of terrorist nations in the world. Daily life receives the most major shock due to the huge numbers of dead people and injured ones.
In doing this, the paper discusses the central role that security plays in the development of nations for which nigeria cannot be an exception. Religion is the most ironic cause of terrorism, but its followers believe that they are doing the work of their god. Terrorism can have many forms, it can be religious, economic or even cultural. The possible causes of insecurity in nigeria such as bad governance. And that is it for our list of twelve causes of terrorism in nigeria. More than 2,000 killed this year by ni gerias boko. In contextualizing the causes of terrorism in nigeria, it is pertinent to point out that many years. An attack can be rooted in religious, social, or political conflicts such as when one community is oppressed by another. This disease has been in the system for far too long and so many have given up trying to eradicate it. There is no single cause or pathway into radicalisation and violent extremism. The threat from boko haram and ansaru the henry jackson society 3 the henry jackson society the henry jackson society is a crosspartisan thinktank based in london.
The success of these attacks proves that the government does not have the capacities to curb this emerging trend. It is a terrible threat that is caused by so many existing problems in nigeria. Hopefully, you now have the answer to the question why is there terrorism in nigeria. In line with theories of deprivation, the study found that. Boko haram reportedly released all but one of the girls by 21 march.
Posted on february 18, 2018 february 18, 2018 by admin. The root causes of violent extremism introduction there are multiple ways to examine the root causes of violent extremism. On 2 april, a boko haram attack on the outskirts of maiduguri resulted in the death of 18 people and another 84 wounded. Legal framework for the prevention of terrorism in nigeria. If you look at kidnapping and terrorism you will understand from its definition that it reflects a breakdown in law an order in society. Idsa institute for defence studies and analyses backgrounder. Terrorism in nigeria started with the notorious islamic sect in the northern part of nigeria called mataisine during shagari civilian regime which was aborted by a military coup in december 1983 led by general muhammadu buhari. Public opinion on the root causes of terrorism and objectives of. Growth and fiscal consequences of terrorism in nigeria 1 chuku chuku, dominic abang, and imaabasi isip jel codes. Groups, activities, and politics adeyemi bukola oyeniyi abstract while global attention is focused on embassy bombing, aircraft hijacking and 911 terroristsattack kind of terrorism, equally devastating terrorist activities with equally devastating impacts are daily swept under the carpet in africa. It can be said that terrorism sets out as a means of all spheres influence, in particular, daily life of common citizens of nigeria towns. The spectre of terrorism and nigerian development by. The paper is structured into six sections, starting with this introductory part. Nevertheless, we believe that nigeria will see the age of no terrorism someday.
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